The Effect of Sitting Duration, Physical Activity, and Stress Level on the Incidence of Low Back Pain among Students of the Faculty of Medicine Pelita Harapan University Year 2020-2022
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal complaint affecting all age groups, leading to disability and decreased productivity. Various factors, including sitting duration, physical activity, and stress levels, can influence LBP incidence. This study examines these factors among medical students at Pelita Harapan University.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a comparative analytic study type was used. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale were administered to assess LBP, sitting duration, physical activity, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and the Chi-square method.
Results: Relationship was found between sitting duration and LBP (P = 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and LBP (P = 0.19) or stress levels and LBP (P = 0.91).
Conclusion: Sitting duration significantly affects LBP incidence among medical students, while physical activity and stress levels do not. The implications of this study highlights the need for interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour among students. Educational programs that promote ergonomic practices during study sessions and encourage taking breaks to stand or walk during extended study periods could be beneficial in preventing LBP.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Kedra A, Kolwicz-Ganko A, Sitarski D, Kedra P, Czaprowski D. Prevalence of back pain and the knowledge of preventive measures in a cohort of 11619 Polish school-age children and youth-an epidemiological study. Med (United States). 2019;98(22):1–6.
Chou R. Low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(8):ITC113–28.
Lim YZ, Chou L, Au RT, Seneviwickrama KMD, Cicuttini FM, Briggs AM, et al. People with low back pain want clear consistent and personalised information on prognosis treatment options and self-management strategies: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2019;65(3):124–35.
Helfgott S. Low back pain. Decis Mak Med An Algorithmic Approach Third Ed. 2009;524–5.
Dutmer AL, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Soer R, Brouwer S, Bültmann U, Dijkstra PU, et al. Personal and Societal Impact of Low Back Pain: The Groningen Spine Cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019;44(24):E1443–51.
Wu A, March L, Zheng X, Huang J, Wang X, Zhao J, et al. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(6):299–299.
Novisca et al. Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Nelayan. Indones J Public Heal Community Med. 2021;2(1):21–6.
Hutasuhut RO, Lintong F, Rumampuk JF. eISSN 2337-330X eBiomedik. 2021;9(2):160–5.
Katuuk ME, Karundeng M. Hubungan Antara Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Luwuk Banggai. J Keperawatan. 2019;7(1).
Ammer K, Ebenbichler G, Bochdansky T. Low Back Pain—A Disease or Condition of Impaired Functional Health? Definition-Inherent Consequences for the Comprehensive Care of Back Pain Patients. BioMed. 2022;2(2):270– 81.
Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, Valente A, Marchesini M, Compagnone C, et al. Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy [version 1; referees: 3 approved]. F1000Research. 2016;5:1–11.
Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. The skeletal system: the axial skeleton, Principles of anatomy & physiology - 14th edition. 2014. New Jersey: Danvers, MA. Wiley.
p. 213-214.
Engstrom JW. Back and neck pain. In: Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2018. p. 1689–99.
Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(7):514–30
Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V, et al. Low back pain, a comprehensive review: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019;23(3):1–10.
Chou L, Brady SRE, Urquhart DM, Teichtahl AJ, Cicuttini FM, Pasco JA, et al. The association between obesity and low back pain and disability is affected by mood disorders. Med (United States). 2016;95(15):1–7.
Shiri R, Falah-Hassani K, Heliövaara M, Solovieva S, Amiri S, Lallukka T, et al. Risk factors for low back pain: a population-based longitudinal study. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(2):290–9.
Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Palmer M, Karssen LC, Suri P, Aulchenko YS, et al. Insight into the genetic architecture of back pain and its risk factors from a study of 509,000 individuals. Pain. 2019;160(6):1361–73.
Alhowimel AS, Alodaibi F, Alshehri MM, Alqahtani BA, Alotaibi M, Alenazi AM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain in the Saudi adult community: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24).
Ramdan IM, Duma K, Setyowati DL. Reliability and validity test of the Indonesian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to measure musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in traditional women weavers. Glob Med Heal Commun. 2019;7(2):123–30.
McLaughlin M, Atkin AJ, Starr L, Hall A, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, et al. Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):1–12.
Proper KI, Cerin E, Brown WJ, Owen N. Sitting time and socio-economic differences in overweight and obesity. Int J Obes. 2007;31(1):169–76.
World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
Tatah L, Pearce M, Goel R, Brage S, Woodcock J, Dake FAA. Physical activity behaviour and comparison of GPAQ and travel diary transport—related physical activity in Accra, Ghana. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12).
Tsigos C, Kyrou I, Kassi E, et al. Stress: endocrine physiology and pathophysiology. Endotext - NCBI Bookshelf. MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth (MA); 2020.
Rahmayani RD, Liza RG, Syah NA. Gambaran tingkat stres berdasarkan stressor pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun pertama program studi profesi dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas angkatan 2017. J Kesehat Andalas. 2019;8(1):103.
Alfaridah, Febriyanto K. Hubungan stress kerja dengan keluhan low back pain pada operator alat berat. Borneo Student Res. 2022;3(2):1979–85.
Sambo NS. Hubungan posisi belajar dan lama duduk dengan disabilitas akibat nyeri punggung bawah pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran USU tahun 2020. Maj Kedokt Andalas. 2022;45(3):249–55.
Wijaya PGPM, Wijayanthi IAS, Widyastuti K. Hubungan posisi dan lama duduk dengan nyeri punggung bawah pada pemain game online. Intisari Sains Medis. 2019;10(3):834–9.
Kędra A, Plandowska M, Kędra P, Czaprowski D. Physical activity and low back pain in children and adolescents : a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(4):946–56.
Alturkistani L, Hendi O, Bajaber A, Alhamoud M, Althobaiti S, Alharthi T, et al. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and its Relation to Stress Among Medical Students in Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Int J Prev Med. 2020.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal complaint affecting all age groups, leading to disability and decreased productivity. Various factors, including sitting duration, physical activity, and stress levels, can influence LBP incidence. This study examines these factors among medical students at Pelita Harapan University.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a comparative analytic study type was used. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale were administered to assess LBP, sitting duration, physical activity, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and the Chi-square method.
Results: Relationship was found between sitting duration and LBP (P = 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and LBP (P = 0.19) or stress levels and LBP (P = 0.91).
Conclusion: Sitting duration significantly affects LBP incidence among medical students, while physical activity and stress levels do not. The implications of this study highlights the need for interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour among students. Educational programs that promote ergonomic practices during study sessions and encourage taking breaks to stand or walk during extended study periods could be beneficial in preventing LBP.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Kedra A, Kolwicz-Ganko A, Sitarski D, Kedra P, Czaprowski D. Prevalence of back pain and the knowledge of preventive measures in a cohort of 11619 Polish school-age children and youth-an epidemiological study. Med (United States). 2019;98(22):1–6.
Chou R. Low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(8):ITC113–28.
Lim YZ, Chou L, Au RT, Seneviwickrama KMD, Cicuttini FM, Briggs AM, et al. People with low back pain want clear consistent and personalised information on prognosis treatment options and self-management strategies: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2019;65(3):124–35.
Helfgott S. Low back pain. Decis Mak Med An Algorithmic Approach Third Ed. 2009;524–5.
Dutmer AL, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Soer R, Brouwer S, Bültmann U, Dijkstra PU, et al. Personal and Societal Impact of Low Back Pain: The Groningen Spine Cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019;44(24):E1443–51.
Wu A, March L, Zheng X, Huang J, Wang X, Zhao J, et al. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(6):299–299.
Novisca et al. Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Nelayan. Indones J Public Heal Community Med. 2021;2(1):21–6.
Hutasuhut RO, Lintong F, Rumampuk JF. eISSN 2337-330X eBiomedik. 2021;9(2):160–5.
Katuuk ME, Karundeng M. Hubungan Antara Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Luwuk Banggai. J Keperawatan. 2019;7(1).
Ammer K, Ebenbichler G, Bochdansky T. Low Back Pain—A Disease or Condition of Impaired Functional Health? Definition-Inherent Consequences for the Comprehensive Care of Back Pain Patients. BioMed. 2022;2(2):270– 81.
Allegri M, Montella S, Salici F, Valente A, Marchesini M, Compagnone C, et al. Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy [version 1; referees: 3 approved]. F1000Research. 2016;5:1–11.
Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. The skeletal system: the axial skeleton, Principles of anatomy & physiology - 14th edition. 2014. New Jersey: Danvers, MA. Wiley.
p. 213-214.
Engstrom JW. Back and neck pain. In: Jameson J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2018. p. 1689–99.
Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(7):514–30
Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V, et al. Low back pain, a comprehensive review: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019;23(3):1–10.
Chou L, Brady SRE, Urquhart DM, Teichtahl AJ, Cicuttini FM, Pasco JA, et al. The association between obesity and low back pain and disability is affected by mood disorders. Med (United States). 2016;95(15):1–7.
Shiri R, Falah-Hassani K, Heliövaara M, Solovieva S, Amiri S, Lallukka T, et al. Risk factors for low back pain: a population-based longitudinal study. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(2):290–9.
Freidin MB, Tsepilov YA, Palmer M, Karssen LC, Suri P, Aulchenko YS, et al. Insight into the genetic architecture of back pain and its risk factors from a study of 509,000 individuals. Pain. 2019;160(6):1361–73.
Alhowimel AS, Alodaibi F, Alshehri MM, Alqahtani BA, Alotaibi M, Alenazi AM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain in the Saudi adult community: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24).
Ramdan IM, Duma K, Setyowati DL. Reliability and validity test of the Indonesian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to measure musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in traditional women weavers. Glob Med Heal Commun. 2019;7(2):123–30.
McLaughlin M, Atkin AJ, Starr L, Hall A, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, et al. Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):1–12.
Proper KI, Cerin E, Brown WJ, Owen N. Sitting time and socio-economic differences in overweight and obesity. Int J Obes. 2007;31(1):169–76.
World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
Tatah L, Pearce M, Goel R, Brage S, Woodcock J, Dake FAA. Physical activity behaviour and comparison of GPAQ and travel diary transport—related physical activity in Accra, Ghana. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12).
Tsigos C, Kyrou I, Kassi E, et al. Stress: endocrine physiology and pathophysiology. Endotext - NCBI Bookshelf. MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth (MA); 2020.
Rahmayani RD, Liza RG, Syah NA. Gambaran tingkat stres berdasarkan stressor pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun pertama program studi profesi dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas angkatan 2017. J Kesehat Andalas. 2019;8(1):103.
Alfaridah, Febriyanto K. Hubungan stress kerja dengan keluhan low back pain pada operator alat berat. Borneo Student Res. 2022;3(2):1979–85.
Sambo NS. Hubungan posisi belajar dan lama duduk dengan disabilitas akibat nyeri punggung bawah pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran USU tahun 2020. Maj Kedokt Andalas. 2022;45(3):249–55.
Wijaya PGPM, Wijayanthi IAS, Widyastuti K. Hubungan posisi dan lama duduk dengan nyeri punggung bawah pada pemain game online. Intisari Sains Medis. 2019;10(3):834–9.
Kędra A, Plandowska M, Kędra P, Czaprowski D. Physical activity and low back pain in children and adolescents : a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2021;30(4):946–56.
Alturkistani L, Hendi O, Bajaber A, Alhamoud M, Althobaiti S, Alharthi T, et al. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and its Relation to Stress Among Medical Students in Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Int J Prev Med. 2020.